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A hereditary cancer syndrome (familial/family cancer syndrome, inherited cancer syndrome, cancer predisposition syndrome, cancer syndrome, etc.) is a genetic disorder in which inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes predispose the affected individuals to the development of cancer and may also cause early onset of these cancers.
The WHO Classification of Tumours, more commonly known as the WHO Blue Books, is a series of books that classify tumours. They are compiled by expert consensus and published by the World Health Organization 's (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
Cancer stem cell Figure 1: Stem cell specific and conventional cancer therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs, PETs, or PNETs), often referred to as " islet cell tumours ", [1][2] or " pancreatic endocrine tumours " [3][4] are neuroendocrine neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous system within the pancreas. PanNETs are a type of neuroendocrine tumor, representing about one-third of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors ...
Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou (or George Papanicolaou / ˌpæpəˈnɪkəlaʊ /; Greek: Γεώργιος Ν. Παπανικολάου [papanikoˈlau]; 13 May 1883 – 19 February 1962) was a Greek physician, zoologist and microscopist who was a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the pap smear for detection of cervical cancer. After studying medicine in Greece ...
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD, cPTSD, or hyphenated C-PTSD) is a stress-related mental disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas[1] (i.e., commonly prolonged or repetitive exposure to a traumatic event (or traumatic events), from which one sees little or no chance to escape [2][3][4]). War artist Thomas Lea's 1944 painting The Two-Thousand Yard Stare ...
Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the DNA of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence, but instead involve a change in the way the genetic code is expressed. Epigenetic mechanisms are necessary to maintain normal sequences of tissue specific gene expression and are crucial for normal development. [1] They may be just as important, if not ...