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Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD, cPTSD, or hyphenated C-PTSD) is a stress-related mental disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas[1] (i.e., commonly prolonged or repetitive exposure to a traumatic event (or traumatic events), from which one sees little or no chance to escape [2][3][4]). War artist Thomas Lea's 1944 painting The Two-Thousand Yard Stare ...
Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the DNA of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence, but instead involve a change in the way the genetic code is expressed. Epigenetic mechanisms are necessary to maintain normal sequences of tissue specific gene expression and are crucial for normal development. [1] They may be just as important, if not ...
Radiation-induced lumbar plexopathy (RILP) or radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy (RILSP) is nerve damage in the pelvis and lower spine area caused by therapeutic radiation treatments. RILP is a rare side effect of external beam radiation therapy [1][2][3] and both interstitial and intracavity brachytherapy radiation implants. [4][5] RILP is a Pelvic Radiation Disease symptom. [6] In ...
The WHO Classification of Tumours, more commonly known as the WHO Blue Books, is a series of books that classify tumours. They are compiled by expert consensus and published by the World Health Organization 's (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
Jaime Alfonso Escalante Gutiérrez (December 31, 1930 – March 30, 2010) was a Bolivian -American educator known for teaching students calculus from 1974 to 1991 at Garfield High School in East Los Angeles. Escalante was the subject of the 1988 film Stand and Deliver, in which he is portrayed by Edward James Olmos.
Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou (or George Papanicolaou / ˌpæpəˈnɪkəlaʊ /; Greek: Γεώργιος Ν. Παπανικολάου [papanikoˈlau]; 13 May 1883 – 19 February 1962) was a Greek physician, zoologist and microscopist who was a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the pap smear for detection of cervical cancer. After studying medicine in Greece ...
Malignant transformation is the process by which cells acquire the properties of cancer. This may occur as a primary process in normal tissue, or secondarily as malignant degeneration of a previously existing benign tumor.
Multifactorial diseases, also known as complex diseases, are not confined to any specific pattern of single gene inheritance and are likely to be caused when multiple genes come together along with the effects of environmental factors. [1] In fact, the terms ' multifactorial' and ' polygenic' are used as synonyms and these terms are commonly used to describe the architecture of disease causing ...